Aberrometry is a test to analyze the optical properties of the cornea based on its morphology. This study, which detects corneal aberrations, has multiple uses in ophthalmology: the study of the optical quality of the normal and pathological cornea, the choice of intraocular lenses according to corneal spherical aberration and the application of personalized treatments, as well as excimer laser, among others.

The result of the study is the aberrometric map, which allows the design of a customized ablation map. This is used on an excimer laser platform to correct the patient’s higher order aberrations and to improve visual quality after corneal refractive surgery.

Angiography is a diagnostic radiological test that provides information on the state of the blood vessels. In the case of ophthalmology, angiography with intravenous sodium fluorescein dye injection allows evaluation of fluid leakage points in the retinal space, in the optic nerve or in the iris.

It is a technique widely used in the past for the follow-up of diabetic retinopathy, but nowadays it has been largely relegated by modern OCT machines. Despite this, it is still used in the investigation of areas of peripheral ischemia or optic nerve resurfacing in some neuritis.

Fluorescein angiography involves taking serial photographs of the retina, applying a series of colored filters, shortly after injecting dye through the vein in the arm.

Ocular biometry allows the measurement of axial length through the optical biometer, also known as IOL Master. Axial length is the anteroposterior distance from the corneal vertex to the center of the macula on the retina along the visual axis. It is essential to determine the axial length whenever an intraocular lens is being calculated after an optical element has been surgically removed from the eye (such as the crystalline lens).

The refractive translation of an error in the axial length calculation is significant, especially when the trend in lens surgery is to achieve emmetropia, i.e., to allow the patient to dispense with glasses.

Using the non-contact technique, the IOL Master performs numerous measurements with an optical system called optical coherence interferometry. This procedure measures the anterior-posterior axis of the eye coinciding with the visual axis and, at the same time, simultaneously measures the keratometry (the power in diopters of the cornea). The result allows choosing the appropriate power of the intraocular lens to be implanted.

To perform ocular biometry, high-precision equipment that sends a laser signal to capture the measurements is used. It is not necessary to use dilation drops or anesthesia in preparation for this test.

Ultrasonic biometry was used before the appearance of optical biometry, also known as laser biometry, to make measurements prior to cataract surgery. This technique is an ophthalmological test that measures the anterior-posterior axis of the eye through an ultrasound transducer. It allows to know the anteroposterior distance of the eye and to calculate the power of the intraocular lens to be implanted. Currently, ultrasonic biometry is only used when the laser system cannot be used. For example, in cases of hypermature cataracts or alterations in corneal transparency.

This test requires the previous installation of anesthetic drops.

Computerized campimetry is a test that allows to assess the alterations of the patient’s visual field. More specifically, it allows to analyze the portion of peripheral and central space that the eye is able to capture while it is focused on a central point.

This test can detect any type of peripheral or central vision loss. It also allows to obtain a printed map that helps to guide the diagnosis of certain pathologies, such as glaucoma, neurological lesions of the optic pathway or other retinal diseases. In addition, computerized campimetry compares data to confirm the stability, enhancement or loss of the patient’s vision.

During the test, the patient remains seated in front of the campimeter with one eye covered while the examiner asks him/her to indicate, using a push button, each time he/she sees a flashing light spot. This light spot is intermittent, has different intensities and appears in different areas of the visual field in a calculated manner according to the eye being studied. In computerized campimetry the two eyes are examined separately and independently, each with the correct prescription. Once the test has been performed on the first eye, it will be performed on the second eye. Finally, the results obtained are printed.

The test is completely painless and has no contraindications. It does not require prior preparation or the use of eye drops by the patient. It usually lasts 3-4 minutes per eye, thanks to the new Faster programs.

Ocular ultrasound allows the posterior segment of the eye to be assessed by means of an ultrasound system. It is used especially when direct visualization with the ophthalmoscope is not possible due to the low transparency of the media. For example, in hypermature cataracts or vitreous hemorrhages.

The Argon laser is used in ophthalmology to intentionally produce a therapeutic micro-burn in the deepest layer of the retina of a specific area of the eye.

The laser is a special beam of light that is focused very precisely on a point on the retina. Its application makes it possible to coagulate abnormal blood vessels, repair tears in the retina or destroy abnormal tissues that affect visual ability. The purpose of this therapeutic procedure is to treat different eye diseases by destroying ischemic (lack of oxygen), exudative (abnormal fluid deposits), proliferative (with proliferation of new blood vessels), tumorous or ruptures (tears) of the retina.

The YAG laser is a photodisruptive laser, i.e. non-thermal, which allows to affect intraocular and extraocular tissues. This procedure is indicated for the treatment of acute angle-closure glaucoma or narrow-angle prophylaxis, also known as iridotomy. It is also used to perform capsulotomies, popularly known as intraocular lens cleaning, after cataract surgery.

The Excimer laser allows to perform refractive techniques called LASIK, LASEK and PRK. This type of laser reshapes the cornea to reduce the number of diopters.

After the application of a few drops of anesthesia, a thin layer of the cornea is created and lifted using the microkeratom or femtosegon laser. The corneal profile is then reshaped to reduce diopters.

Central corneal pachymetry allows measuring the thickness of the cornea in its central area, by means of ultrasound or OCT.
This data is very important for planning laser refractive surgery or for monitoring corneal edema in some corneal dystrophies.

Retinography is a diagnostic test that consists of taking one or more color photographs of the fundus of the eye. The purpose of the examination is to monitor the evolution of certain retinal eye diseases, especially diabetic retinopathy, glaucoma and lesions of the posterior ocular pole.

Optical Coherence Tomography is a simple and non-invasive diagnostic technique that aims to analyze the structures of the retina and the anterior segment.

This technique allows for corneal pachymetry, inner chamber angle studies, optic nerve assessments in glaucoma and the diagnosis and follow-up of age-related macular degeneration (AMD).

Corneal topography is a computer-assisted test that allows the study of corneal morphology. It is used in the study prior to refractive surgery, in the adaptation of contact lenses, and in the diagnosis and follow-up of corneal diseases, especially keratoconus.